Understanding Risk Assessment and Management in Engineering

In the realm of engineering and operations, effective risk assessment is crucial for maintaining safety and compliance. Risk is defined as the combination of the likelihood of an event occurring and the severity of its consequences. Companies must clearly define how they assess these risks and what criteria they use to accept them. This structured approach is essential for integrating risk management into the Safety Management System (SMS), which is discussed in greater detail in dedicated chapters on risk assessments.

An essential component of managing risks is the system for managing requirements and changes. This framework differs from standard change management processes, focusing instead on the rigorous control of engineering and operational requirements. Changes to these requirements must go through a thorough review and approval process, particularly during the critical phases of the system life cycle, such as design. A change management board, composed of senior managers, plays a pivotal role in reviewing and authorizing significant design or operational changes. Neglecting this step can lead to severe consequences, as evidenced by past industrial accidents, including the Flixborough disaster.

Document control is another vital aspect of ensuring safety and compliance. A robust document control system establishes a formal process for updating and maintaining records of design and operational changes over time. This system is not only essential for safety information management but also serves as the backbone for organizational knowledge, ensuring consistency and traceability in all documentation.

Furthermore, record control and information management work alongside the document control system to specifically address safety-related information. It is imperative for organizations to document safety decision-making processes, communications, and corrective actions clearly. This documentation is not merely a regulatory requirement; it is a foundational element of effective safety management, supporting an organization’s credibility with regulators and mitigating the risk of litigation.

By integrating these systems—risk assessment, change management, document control, and record management—companies can create a comprehensive safety framework that prioritizes both compliance and operational integrity. This holistic approach not only protects the organization but also enhances its capacity to respond to safety challenges effectively.